ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯦꯞ꯫

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯅꯦꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯒꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ꯫: ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯹꯹%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯟꯗꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ, ꯁꯂꯐꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯵꯰ꯄꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ꯫

ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ꯫: ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ -200 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ 450 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ -200 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ 3000 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 130barꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ꯫: ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯠ > ꯴꯰%, ꯔꯤꯕꯣꯎꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯠ > ꯱꯲%; ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯖ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫: pH 0-14ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯦꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯥꯞꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫: ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯰.꯱ꯃꯤꯃꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯱.꯵ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲ꯃꯤꯃꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯵꯰꯰ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ-ꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-zh) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ (ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯰-z) ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫: ꯄꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡꯖ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯂꯥꯏꯟ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ꯫: ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯕꯐꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, -꯴꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯲꯵ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ꯫: ꯏꯟ-ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ 140W/m·Kꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ꯫: ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.꯱꯶.꯲꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ./ꯇꯤ.꯴꯶꯲꯲.꯲ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯃꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯚꯔꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯹꯹.꯵%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ)ꯗꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯦꯞ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯁꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫